Journal Title: National Journal for Legal Research and Innovative Ideas
ISSN(O):2582-8665
Frequency : Quarterly
Volume : 6
Issue : 3
Period : April- June 2026
1. AI and Telecom Surveillance: National Security vs Privacy Debate — A Critical Analysis
By-Shishir Kant Singh, LLM Candidate, Amity University, Noida
•Abstract
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into telecommunication surveillance has fundamentally transformed the mechanisms through which states ensure national security. AI-driven systems enable real-time monitoring, predictive analysis, and mass data processing, allowing governments to detect and respond to potential threats with unprecedented efficiency. However, these technological advancements have simultaneously intensified concerns regarding privacy, civil liberties, and the potential misuse of surveillance powers. This paper critically examines the intersection of AI-based telecom surveillance and the constitutional right to privacy in India. It analyses the evolving legal framework, including the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, the Information Technology Act, 2000, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, highlighting their limitations in addressing modern surveillance challenges. Special emphasis is placed on the landmark judgment in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017), which recognized privacy as a fundamental right and established the proportionality test as a standard for evaluating state action.
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2. Cybersecurity Regulation of Telecommunication Infrastructure in India
•Abstract
By- Priyanshu Parmar, LLM Candidate, Amity University, Noida
The rapid expansion of India’s telecommunications infrastructure has played a transformative role in advancing the country’s digital economy and enabling widespread connectivity. With increasing dependence on telecom networks for communication, governance, financial transactions, and delivery of digital services, the sector has emerged as a critical component of national infrastructure. However, this accelerated growth has also heightened exposure to a wide spectrum of cybersecurity threats, including data breaches, network intrusions, denial-of-service attacks, and even cyber warfare. Such vulnerabilities pose significant risks not only to individual users but also to economic stability and national security, thereby necessitating a comprehensive and robust regulatory framework. This paper critically examines the cybersecurity regulatory regime governing telecommunication infrastructure in India. It analyses the existing legal framework, including statutory provisions and policy measures, alongside the roles played by key institutional bodies in ensuring network security and resilience. The study further explores emerging challenges arising from technological advancements, particularly the deployment of 5G networks, increasing concerns around data protection, and vulnerabilities associated with global supply chains in telecom equipment.bIn addition, the paper adopts a comparative perspective by briefly evaluating international practices and regulatory models to identify best practices that may be adapted within the Indian context. It assesses the effectiveness and limitations of the current Indian approach in addressing evolving cybersecurity threats in the telecom sector. The paper concludes by proposing targeted recommendations aimed at strengthening cybersecurity governance, enhancing regulatory coordination, and promoting a secure and sustainable digital ecosystem in India.
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